For citizens living under the Islamic Republic of Iran, the internet is no longer just a utility; it is a battleground. 

As the regime faces internal unrest and escalating regional tensions, it has once again plunged the nation into digital darkness. 

Yet, behind the firewall, a young, tech-savvy generation of Iranians are fighting to stay connected, bypass surveillance, and ensure their voices are not erased.

Through the testimonies of three Iranians currently navigating this blackout, a chilling picture emerges of a state weaponizing connectivity, and a populace beating the blackout.

Bahare, a fitness coach running her own business in Tehran, relies on global connectivity to survive. She conceals her last name for safety, but is open about the devastation the blackouts cause.

‘I’m in Tehran, and my immediate family is here too. Whenever I have internet access, I can stay connected to the outside world through different apps,’ Bahare explains. 

‘That’s really vital for me, because I’m a fitness coach and I work online with clients from all over the world. They’re all Iranian, and they’ve become like a big family to me, we’ve been together since the COVID period until now.’

When the regime pulls the plug, the isolation is immediate and suffocating. 

‘When the internet gets cut off, I not only lose my income, but I also get disconnected from this wide, meaningful and supportive network,’ she says. ‘That creates a huge amount of psychological pressure on me and people in similar situations.’

As citizens scramble to bypass the national intranet using VPNs, they find their options shrinking. Bahare notes that while people look for ‘strange workarounds,’ access is fiercely throttled. 

Some cafes and restaurants provide internet if customers buy enough food, but even then the chances of connecting are a toss-up. Others will use smuggled hotspots.

A photo sent by a source inside to the Daily Mail shows the uprising on January 8’th in Tehran. The Regime reportedly turned off the street lights, and the people responded by turning their cellphone lights on to show they exist 

An online teacher, Nazafarin, looks at her phone at home, days after a nationwide internet shutdown following Iran’s protests

For citizens living under the Islamic Republic of Iran , the internet is no longer just a utility; it is a battleground. As the regime faces internal unrest and escalating regional tensions, it has once again plunged the nation into digital darkness

This photo was taken by an Iranian photographer in Tehran showing street protests. This masked Iranian is holding up the old flag of Iran

The current blackout is not an anomaly, but the latest escalation in a decades-long campaign of digital suppression. Another Iranian inside the country outlines this dark history, noting that censorship has steadily expanded under both hardline and reformist presidents alike

When international messaging apps fail, the regime offers its own alternatives—but at a steep cost to privacy. One young Iranian spoke about being forced to download ‘Bale,’ a state-backed messaging application that translates to ‘yes’ in Farsi.

Some have to resort to even speaking ‘code’ on the apps, worried the regime is tapping in. One ways of hiding messages include asking friends and family to look at the second letter of each word to string sentences together that are different than what is typed out. 

‘Yes, this is considered the regime’s way to surveil people, and that is why these applications are the only ones working,’ he reveals. ‘I am worried about using them but there is no other option. There is a reason this application is one of the only ones that function.’ 

This funneling of citizens into monitored spaces is part of a broader strategy. Bahare points out that the regime is implementing a terrifying vision: ‘I heard today that some major universities are giving students VPN access, but still with restrictions… It really feels like that scary idea they talked about before—they want a tiered internet with different levels of access for different groups.’ 

The current blackout is not an anomaly, but the latest escalation in a decades-long campaign of digital suppression. Another Iranian inside the country outlines this dark history, noting that censorship has steadily expanded under both hardline and reformist presidents alike.

‘The Islamic Republic’s internet censorship didn’t start recently,’ another Iranian explains, pointing to the total shutdowns during the 2022 Mahsa Amini protests that provided cover for mass killings.

Mahsa Amini triggered the ‘Women, Life, Freedom’ movement in Iran after she was killed by police forces for not wearing her headscarf properly. 

Today, the regime ensures its own agents remain online to control the narrative.

Despite the war in Iran, a double rainbow appears over buildings as Iranians celebrate the spring holiday of Nowruz in Tehran

Contemporary Iran, Iranian youth under the age of 30, now make up 70 per cent of the country’s population. Behind the firewall in Iran, a young, tech-savvy generation of Iranians are fighting to stay connected, bypass surveillance and ensure their voices are not erased

Iranian youth take photographs while sitting on a beach in northern back in 2007

US opens new front in battle to reopen Strait of Hormuz as jets obliterate Iranian ships and take down drones

A harrowing photograph sent to the Daily Mail shows the aftermath of a nearby strike on a Pardis apartment: balcony doors blown out, reduced to a jagged skeleton of metal and glass

Those who manage to connect for just a few minutes use that precious time to send a unified plea to the outside world

‘Under President Masoud Pezeshkian, also a reformist, the Islamic Republic’s hypocrisy became was again proved. They distributed ‘white SIM cards’ to regime insiders—ensuring Islamic Republic news agencies and officials, from the now dead leader to Larijani, have full access to platforms like Instagram and X. This isn’t due to war or strikes. It’s deliberate. The regime suppresses the people, while its agents openly propagate narratives,’ he explains.

To circumvent this total blackout, Iranians are taking immense risks. Traditional communication like SMS and phone calls are heavily monitored and frequently restricted. International calls require buying expensive packages.

In desperation, some are turning to smuggled technology.

‘Nearly all of my friends are completely unable to access the internet—there’s effectively no connection with them,’ shares one Iranian source. ‘However, one friend has intermittent access via Starlink, which he obtained illegally, as it’s a crime to have Starlink in Iran. Even so, he can only connect roughly every other day, and even then, it’s very limited. He’s only able to send brief messages, just enough to confirm that he’s safe.’

Since the 2019 deployment of its first 60 operational satellites, Elon Musk’s company SpaceX has added more than 9,300 units to the Starlink network. The service currently supports a global user base of over 8 million subscribers across 150 nations. 

Those who manage to connect for just a few minutes use that precious time to send a unified plea to the outside world. 

‘One of our main requests from the international community is to provide the people inside the country with Internet,’ the third source inside Iran urged.

The regime’s ultimate goal is clear. ‘What the government has shown, consistently, is that it doesn’t want the truth to be heard,’ Bahare states. Yet, despite the surveillance, the economic ruin, and the isolation, the resolve of the Iranian people remains unbroken.

As Bahare ultimately declares: ‘Many of us are willing to pay any price to make sure this system doesn’t stay in power even one minute longer.’