It’s the final act for a star in the constellation Cygnus, some 1,000 light-years away. But this star is not dying without one final show, it appears — and NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope has captured the last act in astonishing detail.
The Egg Nebula, so-named for its yolk (the star) surrounded by egg white (clouds of dust and gas), is extraordinarily dynamic, with twin beams of light punching through a series of rippling arcs. Whereas most nebulas glow on their own, thanks to the ionization of gas, the light here comes from the dying star itself, emerging through gaps in its dusty shell.
This Hubble Space Telescope image is not just a beautiful scene, but also a tool scientists can use to study stellar evolution. The Egg Nebula is a pre-planetary nebula — an early form of a planetary nebula, which is a glowing shell of gas and dust shed from a dying sun-like star. And it’s “the first, youngest, and closest pre-planetary nebula ever discovered,” according to NASA. While planetary nebulae don’t have anything to do with planets directly, they do provide the seed material for future star systems that do have planets, much like our own.
Because the pre-planetary stage lasts only a few thousand years, the Egg Nebula provides scientists a chance to watch the ejection process practically in real time. Over time, the star’s core will grow hotter and begin ionizing the surrounding gas, causing the nebula to glow in its own light and marking the next stage of evolution.
Early observations have homed in on the symmetrical patterns in the nebula. Because they’re so orderly, scientists believe they did not stem from a violent supernova explosion. Instead, they likely indicate “a coordinated series of poorly understood sputtering events in the carbon-enriched core of the dying star,” writes NASA. That, of course, warrants further study.
By combining past and recent Hubble observations of the Egg Nebula, researchers have assembled the most detailed portrait yet of its layered structure, offering new clues about how dying stars sculpt the material that will eventually help form future generations of stars and planets.
