The first two weeks of March provide a great opportunity to sight four bright naked-eye planets in the early evening sky.
Low toward the west blazes Venus, which serves as a convenient celestial landmark to make a sighting of Mercury, which will be hovering not far from it. Mercury puts on its best evening apparition of 2025 for Northern Hemisphere observers during these two weeks. Venus will plummet dramatically toward its inferior conjunction on March 22, when it passes 8.4 degrees north of the sun. For a few days around this date, we can try spotting Venus in bright twilight both immediately before sunrise and right after sunset. It rapidly zooms into the morning sky, reaching an angular distance of 15 degrees from the sun by month’s end.
In our schedule, remember that when measuring the angular separation between two celestial objects, your clenched fist held at arm’s length measures roughly 10-degrees. Here, we present a schedule below which provides some of the best planet viewing times, as well as directing you as to where to look to see them.
SPECIAL NOTE: Daylight Saving Time returns on the second Sunday in March. Except in the states of Arizona and Hawaii, and the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, clocks are to be moved forward one hour at 2:00 a.m. The mnemonic is: “Spring forward, Fall back.”
The sun
The sun reaches the March equinox at 5:01 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time on March 20. This is when it crosses the equator heading northward. This moment marks the change of seasons: the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and fall in the Southern.
Mercury
Mercury reaches its greatest elongation, 18 degrees east of the sun, on the evening of March 8, appearing almost directly above that place on the western horizon where the sun set. In mid-twilight, about 45 minutes after sunset from latitude 40 degrees north, Mercury will stand 9 degrees above the horizon nearly due west, and 7 degrees to the lower left of Venus. Mercury will set just after twilight ends on this date; its magnitude is -0.3. But Mercury fades very rapidly thereafter. By March 12, it will have dimmed to magnitude +0.7 and just four days later, its magnitude is +1.9, certainly too faint for it to be seen in bright twilight without optical aid.
On the evening of March 1, there will be an opportunity to sight both Mercury and Venus near a lovely waxing crescent moon. Start looking a half-hour after sunset, low toward the western horizon for the slender lunar sliver. About 10 degrees below and slightly to its right will be Mercury, shining at magnitude -1.0, while 7 degrees to the upper right of the moon will be Venus, dazzling as always at magnitude -4.8. On March 24, Mercury arrives at inferior conjunction and enters the morning sky.
Venus
Venus begins March gleaming high above the western horizon at dusk. (It’s 23 degrees up a half hour after sunset for observers around 40 degrees north latitude.) But Venus plummets out of the evening sky in the next few weeks. By March 6, Venus is 19 degrees high a half hour after sunset, and that is reduced to just 5 degrees by March 16. Venus passes directly north of the sun on March 20 and reaches inferior conjunction, passing the sun’s position along the ecliptic, on March 22. And Venus is closest to the sun in the sky (8.4 degrees apart) just a few hours after that.
Nonetheless, remarkable views of Venus are available this month. Only near inferior conjunction is Venus’s big, thin crescent visible through steadily supported binoculars — and even possibly without optical aid by a few exceptionally keen-eyed observers. And only every 8 years, when Venus is far north of the sun at inferior conjunction, can Northern Hemisphere observers see the planet at dawn and dusk on the same day. Venus starts rising just before the sun (at a latitude of 40 degrees north) as early as March 12. On March 20, Venus is about 5 degrees above the horizon both at sunrise and sunset. By March 24, Venus is already 2 degrees above the eastern horizon a half hour before sunrise and on March 31, it will be 6 degrees high.
Mars
Mars resembles a golden orange point near the “Twins Stars” of Gemini, Pollux and Castor. Mars crosses the meridian about three hours after sunset on March 1 and one hour after sundown on March 31. It passes nearly overhead for observers in the United States (except Alaska). This month, Mars fades sharply from magnitude -0.3 (brighter than Arcturus) to +0.4 (equal to Procyon), as its distance grows from 81 to 106 million miles (130 to 170 million km). Compare Mars to Betelgeuse. Which is redder? Only a fairly large telescope with good optics on a good night is likely to show much detail on Mars.
Jupiter
Jupiter treks beyond Aldebaran and the Hyades in March, appearing more than 2/3 of the way up in the southern sky at dusk on March 1 and still halfway up in the west at dusk on March 31. This behemoth world dims from magnitude -2.3 to -2.1 during this month, and its apparent diameter diminishes in size by about 8%. On the evening of March 5, as darkness falls, take note of the moon sitting about 8 degrees to the upper right of Jupiter.
Saturn
Saturn passes through conjunction with the sun on March 12, and stays lost in the glare of sunrise for the rest of the month. On March 23, its famous rings will be turned edge-on to Earth for the first time since 2009, so that when it emerges into view in the morning sky next month, it will appear ringless through most telescopes.
